Newer systems that distribute braking power effectively between all the wheels are called EBD or emergency brakeforce distribution. This is because if one or more wheels had less friction and started skidding, brake pressure would be reduced on all the wheels equally. The very first ABS systems did not have independent ABS on each wheel which, in many cases, could cause worse braking performance than standard brakes. Or, one tyre could have a lot less tread than others, something that would be much more noticeable in wet weather where tyres at the tread depth limit perform much worse than tyres with a full 8mm tread. For example, one side of the car may be on a white line or loose gravel while the other side is on good tarmac. Road surface friction can be different for each wheel. The problem is that almost all drivers rarely have to explore this limit, so either don’t apply enough braking power, or apply too much and cause a skid.ĭuring braking the road surface can change and, along with it, the level of friction, meaning that the maximum amount of braking potential on the road surface changes, along with the amount of brake pressure applied to cause a wheel to lock. What advantages does ABS have?īefore anti-lock brakes, drivers had to try to feel where the maximum braking force pressure was. This system is modulated in a fraction of a second so that at the maximum braking power the wheel is constantly at the point of locking as this is where best braking performance can occur. If a skid is detected, a series of hydraulic valves reduce the brake pressure on that wheel allowing it to turn again, while a hydraulic pump primes the brakes ready for maximum braking power again. These sensors measure the change in wheel speed, and the controller determines the current speed in relation to other wheels and the overall speed of the vehicle to try to determine if a wheel has locked. How does ABS stop a wheel from locking?Įach wheel has a wheel speed sensor connected to a central controller in the vehicle. Therefore to reduce stopping distances the wheels must be prevented from reaching the point where they lock. This molten rubber is deposited on the road as a black line, or skid mark. This causes a layer of rubber to melt, and that reduces the grip even more. Additionally if a tyre locks, it begins to suffer intense friction on the road’s surface. It takes a bit of effort to get the box to move, but once it’s moving it takes less effort to keep it moving. Two things happen: imagine pushing a box along some carpet. In this article we’ll explain how ABS works, what ABS feels like when it’s activated, and when ABS doesn’t work. It doesn’t stop the vehicle from sliding sideways but, assuming that it is stopping in roughly a straight line, will decrease the stopping distance by avoiding a skid. ABS is a system which prevents the wheels from locking, or stopping, in order to avoid a skid while braking.
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